As our homes are built to greater airtightness standards in a drive for energy efficiency, and as we begin to realise the impact of indoor air quality on our health and wellbeing, ventilation systems have become more complex. But the more complex ventilation systems become, the more opportunity for errors to creep in. Here, Paul Williams, Domus Ventilation Product Manager, identifies the four most common mistakes regularly seen when it comes to whole-house ventilation systems and how to avoid them.
Domus Ventilation
Mistake 1: Using the wrong size MVHR unit
Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) systems, such as our own HRXE range, are becoming ever-more popular, with their combination of supply and extract ventilation in one system. Using a heat exchanger, up to 95% of the heat typically lost in waste, stale air is efficiently recovered and used to temper the fresh air drawn into the building, which is then filtered and distributed within the home.
MVHR units come in different sizes to meet different-sized properties. Choose the wrong MVHR size, and either it’s too big and, therefore, not energy efficient or it’s too small and not going to deliver the ventilation required under Building Regulations, but will deliver excess noise as the fan within the unit works overtime to meet demand.
Incorrect unit specification often results from a failure to take into account the ductwork; where it is going to run and how much resistance is going to be in that ducting system. The key here is to ensure the ductwork drawing is done prior to unit specification and prior to other services, such as gas and water pipes, going in as otherwise you will need to add more ductwork to get around these obstacles. Domus Ventilation offers a free drawing service for our customers, so this issue can be entirely – and easily – avoided.
Ultimately, selecting an MVHR unit that is too small for the property will mean it won’t be compliant with the latest Building Regulations and it won’t get signed off. This is an expensive mistake to make as the only real option is to replace the MVHR with a larger unit and hope there is the space for it. Replacing the ductwork with a larger profile alternative is certainly not an option as it’s already behind ceilings and walls.
Mistake 2: Not following the ventilation drawing on site
Even if you have the best ducting drawing for that building, if it’s not adhered to on site, the entire ventilation system can be compromised and will be noisy. Sometimes installers will try to make the duct runs simpler, to save time and money. They may also look to replace rigid ducting with flexible ductwork, mostly at final connections or around obstructions such as steel beams. Flexible duct causes a lot more air resistance and can be crushed easily. Other items that cause airflow resistance include using the wrong size air bricks and incorrect size air valves. Check to ensure the drawings have been adhered to.
Mistake 3: Inadequate ducting insulation
Another key issue relating to ducting is the incorrect use – or total absence – of ducting insulation.
Ducting insulation is required under Building Regulations where the ducting passes through unheated areas and voids, such as loft spaces. The minimum duct insulation standard is the equivalent of at least 25mm of a material having a thermal conductivity of ≤0.04W/(m.K).
Specialist duct insulation, such as Domus Thermal, is essential to meet this requirement. A common mistake that is made is using insufficient insulation, using standard building insulation materials that are unsuitable or not using any insulation at all. Furthermore, we often see insulation missing from the intake and the exhaust.
The problem with poor insulation is that condensation forms, which drops down onto the ceiling and becomes an ugly visible stain. In the worst cases, this can lead to mould, which is not only unsightly but can be hazardous to health.
Mistake 4: Incorrect MVHR system commissioning
Commissioning an MVHR system accurately is one of the most vital parts of getting the ventilation system signed off correctly. Any mistakes at the commissioning stage will result in over or under ventilating, and all the work that has gone into designing and installing the system correctly will be compromised.
There are two pitfalls to be avoided when it comes to commissioning.
When setting an MVHR unit up to be commissioned, the air valves in wetrooms and the kitchen need to be opened to get the required airflow rate. The airflow is measured using an anemometer, but that device needs to be the appropriate one for this particular task; it should be a calibrated, powered hood anemometer that meets the ±5% accuracy required by Approved Document F1 (2022). Using a poor-quality anemometer, or one that hasn’t been recently calibrated, will provide incorrect readings, causing the system to either over or under ventilate. This mostly occurs when engineers, who are not BPEC/NICEIC qualified, are used to undertake the commissioning.
The second problem area is when it comes to adjusting the potentiometers on the front of the MVHR unit to ensure the correct trickle and boost rate. In apartment blocks, it’s tempting to assume that each apartment of the same size will require the same setting. However, the commissioning engineer can’t see ‘behind the scenes’; the ductwork may be run slightly different in the next apartment, for example, which will mean the settings need to be different.
Under changes to Building Regulations ‘Ventilation: Approved Document F’, which came into force in 2022, a new-style commissioning sheet featuring a compliance report and photographic evidence must be provided to building control bodies and the building owner. This should help to improve commissioning and ensure every individual apartment is tested and the MVHR system adjusted accordingly.
